Dunning–Kruger effect
The Dunning–Kruger effect is a cognitive bias in which unskilled individuals suffer from illusory superiority, mistakenly rating their ability much higher than average. This bias is attributed to a metacognitive inability of the unskilled to recognize their mistakes.[1]
Actual competence may weaken self-confidence, as competent individuals may falsely assume that others have an equivalent understanding. David Dunning and Justin Kruger of Cornell University conclude, "the miscalibration of the incompetent stems from an error about the self, whereas the miscalibration of the highly competent stems from an error about others"
Dunning effect — Krueger — cognitive distortion, которое заключается в том, what people, low-skilled, make wrong conclusions, make bad decisions and at the same time are unable to realize their mistakes due to the low level of their qualifications[1]. This leads to the emergence of overestimated ideas about their own abilities., while really highly skilled people, vice versa, tend to underestimate their abilities and lack self-confidence, considering others more competent. In this way, less competent people generally have a higher opinion of their own abilities, than it is characteristic of people who are competent, who are also inclined to assume, that others rate their abilities as low, like themselves.
